Characteristic temperatures of waxy crude oils

Nonlinear Rheology, Yielding, and Constitutive Modeling of Waxy Crude Oils

In this work, the rheological behavior of a group of model crude oils is experimentally studied at temperatures below their wax appearance temperature (WAT). We consider both a two-component wax-oil system and a three-component oil-water emulsion that is partially stabilized by precipitated wax. We characterize the shear-localization and yielding using a combined approach of bulk rheometry and ...

Modeling the rheological behavior of waxy crude oils as a function of flow and temperature history

Rheo-PIV Analysis of the Yielding and Flow of Model Waxy Crude Oils

Waxes are a commonly encountered precipitate that can result in gelation of crude oils and cessation of flow in pipelines. In this work we develop a model wax-oil system that exhibits rheological behavior similar to waxy crude oils encountered in production scenarios. To study the consequences of gelation on the rheology of the model system we perform simultaneous measurements of the bulk flow ...

Method of Straight Lines for a Bingham Problem as a Model for the Flow of Waxy Crude Oils

In this work, we develop a method of straight lines for solving a Bingham problem that models the flow of waxy crude oils. The model describes the flow of mineral oils with a high content of paraffin at temperatures below the cloud point (i.e. the crystallization temperature of paraffin) and more specifically below the pour point at which the crystals aggregate themselves and the oil takes a je...

Determination of Metal Ions in Crude Oils

Crude oil is complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in the earth in liquid form. It constitutes an important part of primary fossil fuels. Crude oil was used as a medicine by the ancient Egyptians, presumably as wound dressing, liniment and laxative. Several centuries later, Spanish explorers discovered crude oil in Cuba, Mexico, Boliva and Peru. The industrial revolution brought increasing...